The plunge in oil prices has claimed another prominent victim.
Bill Gross's
$1.46 billion Janus Global Unconstrained Bond Fund trailed its benchmark in the fourth quarter of last year primarily because it had plowed about 5% of net assets into debt issued by U.S., Russian and Brazilian energy companies, according to a quarterly overview published on the Denver-based firm's website. Those bonds and emerging market sovereign debt that Mr. Gross agreed to insure were all hit by the
42% collapse in crude prices during the period.
“Energy sector exposure detracted the most from the fund's performance,” Janus said in the fourth-quarter commentary, adding that “exposure to U.S. dollar-denominated Russian and Brazilian corporate bonds” also hurt. “The sharp decline in crude oil prices” along with the declines of the countries' currencies “drove underperformance here.”
The commentary provides the first detailed insight into how Mr. Gross used his flexibility to run the Janus fund, which can invest across bonds worldwide and seeks to outperform the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate, or Libor. Before joining Janus, Mr. Gross was best known as manager of the
Pimco Total Return Bond Fund, a traditional fund benchmarked to the Barclays US Aggregate Index.
Janus Unconstrained declined 0.56% during the fourth quarter after including dividends, compared with the 0.06% return of the three-month Libor. Pimco Total Return advanced 1.32% in the same period, as the Barclays US Aggregate index rose 1.79%.
'FALLING KNIFE'
Mr. Gross's bet on energy bonds may have been premature, said Matthew Mish, a credit strategist in New York with UBS AG. Other managers of these non-traditional bond funds and hedge funds were waiting for the volatility in the crude oil prices to cool before buying.
“As of January, it was still catching a falling knife,” Mr. Mish said.
Mr. Gross relied heavily on corporate bonds to boost yields and bought short-duration debt that matures in one to three years, a move designed to protect against volatility and rising interest rates. Among corporate credits, he bet mainly on “crossover” bonds, those that are rated just above or just below investment grade. Bonds issued by companies that are in the process of strengthening their balance sheets have “yet to be recognized” by investors, Janus said.
During the fourth quarter, Mr. Gross invested about 2.5% of net assets in debt issued by U.S. energy companies such as Marathon Petroleum Corp., Transocean Inc., Sabine Pass LNG LP and Kinder Morgan Finance Co. As of Dec. 31, another 2.4% of assets were invested in dollar-denominated debt issued by Russian and Brazilian energy companies, including Petroleo Brasileiro SA, Gazprom OAO, Lukoil OAO, and Rosneft OAO.
Under Mr. Gross, Pimco Total Return also held investments in some of these same companies, including Gazprom and Petrobras, although in smaller proportions. The fair value of these holdings, about $2.2 billion as of Sept. 30, equaled just 1.1% of Pimco Total Return's net assets as of Sept. 30, according to regulatory filings.
The decline in crude prices “hit major oil producing economies within emerging markets as well as their currencies, like Russia and Brazil,” Janus wrote.
The Janus fund also suffered from agreements to provide third parties with insurance against default of government debt issued by Russia, Brazil, China and Mexico, a bet that equaled about 5.4% of net assets as of Dec. 31, according to data from Janus. All of these countries with the exception of China are major oil producers, and Russia and Mexico both rely on crude sales to help fund government spending.
SWAPS HURT
Janus Unconstrained sold this insurance, in the form of derivative contracts known as credit default swaps, in part because it tends to be overpriced, the firm said in the commentary. The move proved to be a money-loser during the fourth quarter, as the cost of protecting Russian sovereign debt almost doubled under the weight of declining oil revenues and Western economic sanctions, while rates on Brazilian and Mexican CDS spiked in December.
Janus Unconstrained had some winners within the corporate credit sector, including holdings in media, telecommunications and technology bonds, according to the commentary. Credit default swaps that the fund wrote on U.S. financial companies also contributed “slightly” to fourth-quarter performance, Janus said.
The fund also benefited during the fourth quarter from “selling volatility” in stock, bond and foreign exchange markets by writing short-dated out-of-the money options. Heightened concerns about market volatility has led to the mispricing of these options, Janus said in the commentary, adding that the fund primarily gained by selling volatility on Treasuries.
Mr. Gross joined Janus in October after announcing on Sept. 26 that
he would leave Pacific Investment Management Co., the Newport Beach, Calif., company he co-founded and led for more than four decades. Mr. Gross's departure stunned Wall Street and helped fuel almost $80 billion of redemptions from the Pimco Total Return in the fourth quarter.
TIPS HOLDING
Other holdings at Janus Unconstrained mirrored some of the same sectors that Mr. Gross often invested in while running Pimco Total Return, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, also known as TIPS. At the end of December, among the top holdings in the Janus fund was a TIPS bond that matures in 2025, which accounted for 2.64% of net assets, according to the firm's website.
Janus Unconstrained also invested in funds run by Mr. Gross's old employer. The fund had 0.07% of net assets invested in the Pimco Dynamic Income Fund at the end of December, with another 0.04% devoted to the Pimco Corporate & Income Opportunity Fund and 0.01% held in the Pimco Corporate & Income Strategy Fund.
Mr. Gross managed both of the corporate and income funds while he was at Pimco, and continues to hold stock in all three closed end funds, according to regulatory filings. He has been cutting his holdings in the three funds since leaving Pimco, the filings show.
