Amid shifting rate policy, rising geopolitical risk, convertible securities could make sense

Monetary policy around the globe has been shifting visibly away from the ultra-accommodative approach that began during the 2008–09 financial crisis and many observers now believe interest-rate risk may be on the rise. Meanwhile, rising geopolitical tensions threaten to increase volatility in global currency and equity markets. So it is not surprising that investors would look for ways to reduce their downside risk from exposure to the effects of the changing interest rate outlook on equities, bonds and foreign currencies. In an attempt to achieve that goal, some investors have turned to convertible securities. Issued by companies seeking to raise capital, these are hybrid instruments that can be structured as either debt — such as bonds, notes or subordinated debentures — or as some form of equity, such as preferred shares. Owning a convertible gives the holder the right to convert it into a certain number of shares of a company's underlying stock under predetermined conditions. Convertibles can offer participation in the capital appreciation potential of common stocks while the bond component provides interest payments and a claim to principal. If a company's common stock rises, the convertible security should increase in value because of the price relationship with the common stock. If the common stock doesn't perform well, the bond component should help soften the potential downside. In an environment of above-average market volatility, convertibles may be attractive investments because they are typically expected to help protect against potential erosion of value in declining markets while still allowing for participation in equity appreciation if markets move higher. I'm often asked about the performance of convertibles in rising-rate environments, particularly given the increase we've seen in the 10-year Treasury yield over the past year. If rates are rising for the right reasons — the economy is improving and getting stronger — then we're also likely to be in an environment of corporate earnings growth and a generally positive outlook for equities overall. While there would likely be a general loss of value due to the increase in rates from the fixed-income component, we have often found that, in this environment, the increasing value of the option to convert to equity tends to more than compensate for this. So I believe that convertibles could generally perform well in a rising-rate environment. While convertible securities have exhibited a range of correlations across asset classes, historically, they have been highly correlated with equities and negatively correlated with Treasuries. Within the fixed-income category, convertibles behave most like corporate bonds, especially high-yield corporate bonds, because based on our experience, they tend to move more with the fundamentals of the company. BIG UNIVERSE TO CHOOSE FROM Globally, there is a large and diverse universe of convertibles for investors to choose from. Companies of all sizes, from all sectors, and with a full range of credit rating characteristics have been issuing them for years. Their reasons for issuing convertibles include a potential lower cost in terms of interest payments rather than straight debt and less potential dilution to their outstanding common shares than new equity. They can also help companies diversify their funding sources with their appeal to a wider range of investors. Generally speaking, convertibles can be categorized into three primary groups. The most bond-like convertibles are called “busted” convertibles because the price at which the security would convert is substantially greater than the equity price. This tends to discourage the conversion, making these convertibles less sensitive to movements in the underlying common stock price. This type of convertible provides income, which will offset price declines due to stock market weakness, but offers limited participation in capital appreciation should the underlying equity rally. At the other end of the spectrum are “equity-like” convertibles, in which the conversion price is equal to or less than the underlying equity price. Typically, performance of these securities closely tracks the underlying stock, exposing investors to nearly the same level of volatility as the shares to which they are linked, though retaining the potential income and the principal security of a bond. Occupying the middle ground between these two types are so-called “balanced convertibles” that offer a moderate level of conversion premium and share price sensitivity. We believe one of their advantages is their “asymmetric” risk/return profile that can result in greater potential participation in the upside performance of the underlying common stock and lower participation in any decline in its value. Because of their asymmetric risk/return profile, we tend to favor balanced convertibles in our strategy. Looking at the global macro-political environment today, investors may be worried about the tension between the West and Russia over Ukraine and the sustainability of gains in a number of global equity markets. In Europe, equity market appreciation has been significant since 2012, while the U.S. equity market has seen a sustained run-up over the last five years. The U.S. and European economies appear to be improving, with companies in both regions growing earnings. But unemployment has so far been coming down, mostly in the United States. Meanwhile, equity market valuations in both regions are still below their long-term averages, so there's a balance of risks, in our view. Currently, we have a constructive outlook for the U.S. equity market. And, we believe valuations are generally reasonable, tracking long-term averages. With these different factors at play, we think there are reasons to be optimistic, yet cautious. Thus, we believe holding convertibles in the current environment could be attractive as part of a balanced portfolio for many investors. Alan Muschott is vice president and portfolio manager at Franklin Equity Group.