Get ready for a disastrous year for U.S. government bonds. That's the message forecasters on Wall Street are sending.
With Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen poised to raise interest rates in 2015 for the first time in almost a decade, prognosticators are convinced Treasury yields have nowhere to go but up. Their calls for higher yields next year are the most aggressive since 2009, when U.S. debt securities suffered record losses, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
(More: Time to strap in for the downsides of cheap oil, higher interest rates)
Getting it right hasn't been easy. Almost everyone who foresaw a selloff this year as the Fed ended its bond buying was caught off-guard as lackluster U.S. wage growth and turmoil in emerging markets propelled Treasuries to the biggest returns since 2011. Now, even while the bond market's inflation outlook tumbles, forecasters are sticking to the view that Treasuries are a losing proposition as the economy strengthens.
WATCHING FOR BUBBLES
“Next year should be the break-out year finally,” Chris Rupkey, chief financial economist at Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd., said. “The market is ignoring the rhetoric that Yellen and the FOMC is getting closer and closer to tightening. The market has it wrong.”
Mr. Rupkey, who is among the 74 economists and strategists surveyed by Bloomberg this month, has one of the highest projections. He said he expects 10-year yields to rise to 3.4% by the end of 2015 from 2.20% currently. Back in January, Mr. Rupkey said yields would be 3.6% by now. Yields fell Monday with German peers as Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras failed in his final attempt to get his candidate for president confirmed.
(More: The best and worst investments of 2014)
The median forecast calls for yields to reach 3.01% during the same span. The roughly 0.75 percentage point increase would be almost twice as much as forecasters anticipated for 2014.
Combined with projections for yields on the two-year note to more than double to 1.53% and those on the 30-year bond to rise 0.89 percentage point to 3.70%, the prognosticators are more bearish than any time since heading into 2009.
That's when they predicted yields on every debt maturity would rise more than a percentage point as the U.S., helped by the Fed's easy-money policies, started to recover from its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Treasuries lost 3.7% that year in the biggest slide dating back to 1978.
MARKET READ
After misreading the direction of the U.S. bond market this year as yields fell and Treasuries rallied 5.7%, a growing number of financial professionals are showing renewed confidence Treasuries are due for a selloff.
Given the chance to speculate on declines in only one asset, 20% of investors, traders and analysts in a Bloomberg Global Poll conducted last month picked government bonds as their top choice — the most of any category.
One of the biggest reasons is the strength of the world's largest economy. U.S. gross domestic product expanded at a 5% annual rate in the third quarter, the most since the same period in 2003, revised government data released last week showed. Unemployment is at a more-than-six-year low of 5.8%.
“Things are picking up and pointing to a pretty healthy recovery,” Boris Rjavinski, a New York-based U.S. interest-rate derivatives strategist at UBS Group AG, said. The bank is one of the 22 primary dealers that trade with the Fed.
After the Fed's policy meeting on Dec. 17, Ms. Yellen said the central bank was on course to raise its overnight target rate from close to zero and suggested a “patient” approach may translate into an increase by the middle of 2015.
“Rates will be rising in the U.S. in 2015,” Peter Fisher, the former Fed official and undersecretary for domestic finance at the U.S. Treasury, said. “Globally, there will be divergence in monetary policy and growth across a number of countries,” said Mr. Fisher, senior director at the BlackRock Investment Institute and the former head of fixed income at New York-based BlackRock Inc.
A recession in Japan and the specter of deflation in Europe is prompting their respective central banks to boost stimulus measures, which may keep a lid on their own yields while increasing demand for Treasuries. U.S. 10-year notes already yield about 1 percentage point more than the average of their Group-of-Seven peers, the most since 2006.
Futures traders doubt the Fed will be able to raise rates as much as policymakers expect. While the median estimate in the central bank's quarterly forecasts released last month show the Fed will boost the target federal funds rate to 1.125% by the end of 2015, futures indicate an 88% chance the rate will be at 1% or less.
For Guy LeBas, chief fixed-income strategist at Janney Montgomery Scott, any increase will be tempered as the growing number of older Americans results in less spending and slower inflation while boosting demand for low-risk, fixed-income assets. The percentage of the U.S. population 65 and older reached 14.2% this year, up from 12.4% a decade ago, according to Census Bureau data compiled by Bloomberg.
“Long-term Treasuries are going to look through the ups and downs of the short-term economic cycle and focus on constraints to long-term growth,” Mr. LeBas said. He expects yields on the 10-year note to end 2015 at 2.47%, the lowest estimate among forecasters surveyed this month by Bloomberg.
With signs of wage growth finally picking up, stronger employment and the lowest gasoline prices in five years are poised to boost household spending, according to Ira Jersey, an interest rate strategist at Credit Suisse Group AG.
“If people become more optimistic, demand for Treasuries can dry up very quickly and you could see a pretty significant backup in yields,” Mr. Jersey said. Credit Suisse, a primary dealer, predicted 10-year yields will rise to 3.35% by the end of 2015.
