When it comes to millennials and stocks, study after study paints the 20-ish to 30-ish set as risk-averse cash-hoarders. Yet many younger workers probably have most of their retirement savings in stocks.
As more employers automatically enroll new employees in 401(k) plans, they are increasingly putting them in target-date funds, also called lifestyle funds. Some of these funds start out with equity weightings as high as 90%.
A big weighting in stocks when you're young makes sense, because you have decades to ride out market cycles. But younger workers can't count on a defined benefit pension plan, are more likely to lose their jobs than are older workers and tend to use 401(k)s as
rainy day funds to tap between jobs. That makes holding a lot in equities riskier for them than for previous generations.
How do millennials feel about that risk? FinaMetrica, an Australian psychometrics firm, ran the data for us on the 25,000 millennials in the U.S., Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom who have taken its risk assessment. It found that an 80% or 90% weighting in equities is way above the
risk tolerance of millennials.
In the U.S., the average risk tolerance score for people born from 1980 to 2000 was 52.3 out of 100, FinaMetrica found, meaning they are comfortable having 43% to 63% of their portfolios in equities. The “too much risk” zone in which “clients will definitely be discomfited and will likely panic in a downturn,” is 72%, Paul Resnick, the firm's co-founder, says. FinaMetrica's data show that an equity component of 90% is going to be too risky emotionally for 96.1% of millennials. That breaks down into marginally risky for 10.4% of them and way too risky for 85.7% of them.
A market drop that gets a millennial to pay attention to his or her 401(k) could lead to panic selling, possibly at a market bottom. And if they lose their jobs amid the market rout—not an uncommon event — it could sour them further on stocks and, financial planner
Michael Kitces says, “set them up for a personal crisis whenever the first bear market happens,” a crisis most of them have never seen.
"Just because a lot of young people have the time horizon and capacity to take the risk [of high equity exposure] doesn't mean they want to, need to, should, or desire to," Mr. Kitces says.
Retirement plans should hold off on putting young workers in target-date funds with high equity allocations until these employees have amassed a “starter portfolio” equivalent to about six months' income, wrote Rob Arnott, founder of investment firm Research Affiliates, in a
2014 article. A third of the portfolio could be in large-cap, well-known stocks, a third in bonds, and a third in diversified inflation hedges to damp volatility.
Still, target-date funds could well prove stickier than other equity investments. There was
evidence of that among older investors in the 2008 crash. If millennials pay any attention to the pitches for these products as long-term, diversified, one-stop shop "solutions" for retirement savings, they could prove more resilient in the face of risk than many expect.
