by Tom Schoenberg and Christine Dobby
Fresh allegations that a longtime Toronto-Dominion Bank branch worker in Florida took a series of $200 bribes to help clients move millions to Colombia by skirting anti-money-laundering defenses are adding to the lender’s mushrooming US legal problems.
Gerry Aquino Vargas, the now-former retail banker in a Hollywood, Florida, outpost of Canada’s second-largest bank, falsified documents to open dozens of accounts and provided concierge-like services to help cash flow across borders, according to American prosecutors. In another recent case, a former TD branch employee in New York admitted to bypassing the bank’s compliance measures to defraud a customer.
The cases — which haven’t yet been reported and don’t identify Toronto-Dominion by name — are part of a sweeping probe by officials at the Justice Department, bank regulators and Treasury Department into allegations of money laundering and other financial crimes at the bank. The dragnet may ultimately lead to a costly settlement for TD that some analysts now peg at $2 billion and, perhaps worse for the firm’s investors, a yearslong setback for its lofty US ambitions.
In a major blow to those plans, the company last year scuttled a $13.4 billion takeover of First Horizon Corp. — saying it didn’t see a path for regulatory approval.The deal would have consolidated TD’s status as one of the biggest US banks. The lender has also had to spend more than $350 million shoring up anti-money-laundering defenses and recently had its outlook cut by Fitch Ratings Inc.
So far prosecutors in the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey have filed at least four cases alleging serious misconduct by branch employees in New York, New Jersey and Florida. One case involved TD branches being used to launder drug money as part of a $653 million conspiracy.
Taken together they paint a picture of a bank whose controls were easily skirted by US employees looking to make extra cash. They’ve also trained an uncomfortable spotlight on the bank’s leadership back in Toronto.
“Often it requires a management change for the regulators to feel confident that the issue’s really being taken serious and the management’s not sort of trying to protect its past track record,” Evan Mancer, chief investment officer at Cardinal Capital Management, said in a recent BNN Bloomberg Television interview. He said his firm recently sold Toronto-Dominion shares after investing in the bank for three decades.
Toronto-Dominion says Chief Executive Officer Bharat Masrani, who took a C$1 million ($730,000) pay cut after the First Horizon deal failed, has no current plans to go anywhere.
The CEO and other leaders have made substantial progress in boosting compliance, while delivering strong financial results, according to Toronto-Dominion spokesperson Lisa Hodgins. Executives are “focused on the work needed to overhaul” the bank’s anti-money-laundering procedures, she said in an email. The bank had no comment on analyst projections on potential penalties.
The Justice Department declined to comment.
The US case against Aquino Vargas, whom the government alleges was paid at least $5,600 by a Colombian client and also boasted that he’d helped Venezuelans, Israelis, Bolivians and Peruvians use Toronto-Dominion accounts to skirt US rules, was filed in March. TD Bank, as the lender’s US unit is known, is referred to only as “Financial Institution-A” in court documents.
Hodgins said TD fired Aquino Vargas. His lawyer didn’t respond to messages seeking comment on the case against him, which include alleged misconduct as recent as last fall. Court documents show he waived his rights to a preliminary hearing and hasn’t yet entered a plea.
TD already has a network of almost 1,200 branches from Maine to Florida — a total that outnumbers its retail locations in Canada. The bank has more than 10 million US customers and also offers business and wealth-management services. But, it is looking to get much bigger in the US and expand into new regions.
When Toronto-Dominion killed its deal to buy Memphis-based First Horizon back in May 2023, executives said the bank would build its own new US branches instead — 150 of them by 2027. As of this April, it only had three more than a year prior.
That anemic growth has stoked speculation that American authorities were preventing the bank from a big US expansion amid the money-laundering probe.
The company isn’t currently under any restrictions from regulators on growing in the US, but there isn’t yet clarity at Toronto-Dominion over whether it will eventually face such limits, said a person with knowledge of the bank’s internal response.
When pressed last month by analysts, Leo Salom, who runs Toronto-Dominion’s US operations, said the lender is “deliberately pacing” how many locations it opens. The bank continues to talk with regulators and invest in compliance. Salom declined to comment directly on whether regulators had blocked its expansion.
The federal prosecutors in New Jersey have been working with the Justice Department’s money-laundering section in Washington to bring the smattering of cases involving conduct at branches and the broader probe into the bank’s defenses and compliance.
Signs of trouble started to become public even before Toronto-Dominion announced in early 2022 that it planned to buy First Horizon.
Months earlier, federal prosecutors said in a criminal complaint that several branches of an unnamed financial institution dubbed “FI-1” were integral in a massive plot to move drug trafficking proceeds to China and Hong Kong. It later emerged that the firm was Toronto-Dominion.
As part of a plea deal, a New York man said in February 2022 that he coordinated a $653 million money laundering conspiracy, partly by bribing bank employees with gift cards and other favors to open accounts in the names of shell companies.
In another case, Oscar Nunez-Flores, who worked at a branch in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, since 2020 was charged last October with taking bribes to open debit cards and online accounts in the names of shell companies registered in Florida. Nunez-Flores masked the real owners of the accounts on documents filed with the bank, according to the government’s complaint charging him with bribery and conspiracy to launder money.
The funds deposited into these Toronto-Dominion accounts included proceeds from the sale of illegal narcotics, prosecutors allege, and the scheme sent millions of dollars from the US to Colombia. Nunez-Flores, who has been discussing a potential plea deal with the government, according to court papers, netted more than $20,000 for his work, prosecutors allege.
A lawyer for Nunez-Flores, whose court documents also indicate he hasn’t yet entered a plea in the case, declined to comment.
As part of the money-laundering investigation, prosecutors have uncovered seemingly unrelated misdeeds: In the other case that hasn’t been previously reported, a former New York-based branch manager pleaded guilty in Mayto stealing more than $200,000 from an elderly customer and fabricating email messages after the client died.
A lawyer for James Gomes, the former manager, said in an emailed message that her client was “extremely remorseful” and didn’t know about the customer’s death until just before admitting to the charges.
Aquino Vargas, the banker in Florida, worked with customers at Toronto-Dominion since 2012, according to the government’s complaint, filed in federal court in New Jersey.
Prosecutors say that, in 2022, Aquino Vargas began helping the Colombian client – identified in court papers only as “Co-Conspirator-1” – by opening dozens of fraudulent accounts on his instructions in the names of “witting and unwitting” people. Debit cards for those accounts were used to transfer cash from the US to Colombia.
Aquino Vargas was charged with obstructing a grand-jury investigation. A judge in April gave him and the government until to July to negotiate a potential plea, according to filings in the case.
US authorities say that when Toronto-Dominion later blocked some of the cards, Aquino Vargas called the bank’s hotline and vouched for the transactions. A few weeks before opening those accounts, Aquino Vargas discussed getting paid by his alleged Colombian conspirator via WhatsApp for 28 debit cards, seeking $200 per debit card.
“That $200 I’m giving you guys, I’m not doing anymore,” Aquino Vargas wrote, according to prosecutors’ translation of the messages in Spanish. “With other people it’s $500-$800 per account man.”
After he received payment to his personal Toronto-Dominion account through Zelle, prosecutors say Aquino Vargas sent another WhatsApp message to the Colombian: “Gracias,” he said, with a meme of actor Jean-Claude Van Damme giving a thumbs up.
More than a dozen people who worked with retail clients have been fired for code-of-conduct violations, said the person with knowledge of the matter, asking not to be identified discussing personnel matters. The lender also has replaced close to 10 senior leaders in compliance and legal roles, including hiring Herbert Mazariegos away from Bank of Montreal to become chief global anti-money-laundering officer.
The US hasn’t charged Toronto-Dominion with any crimes stemming from the cases. Investigations into conduct by financial firms can end with no charges being brought or fines being imposed. Toronto-Dominion said that Aquino Vargas, Gomes and Nunez-Flores were all terminated by the bank.
Still, the bank has acknowledged surveillance gaps and says it’s cooperating with authorities.
“When front-line staff were in any way complicit in activity, we investigated and took immediate action, coordinating our efforts with the DOJ” on its investigation, said Hodgins, the bank spokesperson. “More broadly, where our program was ineffective, we have held those leaders accountable and are taking action to drive the changes and meet our obligations.”
For Masrani, Toronto-Dominion’s CEO, regaining momentum in the US may be key to his legacy. The 68-year-old executivehas continued the bank’s aggressive push across Canada’s southern border during his tenure of almost a decade, and profit from US retail banking almost tripled since he took the reins.
He’s already weathered past scandals during his time as a senior leader. Masrani, previously the lender’s chief risk officer as well as president and CEO of its US division, became CEO of the entire company a little more than a year after Toronto-Dominion paid more than $50 million to settle US regulators’ claims that its American unit failed to file suspicious activity reports tied to a massive Ponzi scheme for which Scott Rothstein was convicted and sentenced to decades behind bars.
And the bank agreed last year to pay $1.2 billion to settle a lawsuit by investors who claimed Toronto-Dominion aided Allen Stanford’s $7 billion Ponzi scheme more than a decade earlier, while denying wrongdoing. Stanford was also convicted and received a 110-year sentence in 2012.
Masrani recently told analysts that Toronto-Dominion’s compliance issues were “unacceptable” and that he hoped Toronto-Dominion would reach a resolution with authorities “as soon as possible.”
He was even more pointed in his remarks to employees in May, when he said he took the situation “very personally.” Masrani had just flown to Hollywood, Florida — the same town where Aquino Vargas is alleged to have run his scheme — to reassure executives. The bank often hosts internal events in the beach town, about 20 miles north of Miami.
“This is going to get tougher before it gets better. More information is going to drip out over the next little while,” he said, according to a transcript of his remarks.“We have the means to fix this and we will.”
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